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The University of Eastern Finland and the University of Oulu have discovered a new type of gene mutation that reduces anxiety and stress and increases social interaction. The researchers used a genetic engineering method to remove the P4h-tm gene from the mouse genome and found an unexpected change in the mouse's behavior. The mice showed striking courage and a lack of learned helplessness. The results were published in the journal “Neuropharmacology” on April 25, 2019.
Details about the study
The researchers tested the mice with an extensive behavioral test, including a panic attack test. The mice were placed in an airtight box that was first filled with normal room air and then with 10%fg carbon dioxide.
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An increased concentration of carbon dioxide induces a freezing reaction, which is thought to contribute to the feeling of suffocationPanic attacksresembles. P4h-tm knockout mice showed significantly less freezing in response to carbon dioxide exposure than the others. In social interaction tests, P4h-tm knockout mice had significantly more contact with another mouse. Furthermore, behavioral testing demonstrated reduced anxiety, stress, and learned helplessness in P4h-tm knockout mice.
In addition, the study found a connection between brain anatomy and behavioral phenotype: expression of the P4h-tm gene was particularly high in the amygdala, which plays a key role in controlling emotional responses, including fear and stress.
With the help of gene mutation, one can discover neuropsychological mechanisms that regulate emotions
The P4h-tm gene is responsible for the transcription of the P4H-TM protein. This protein belongs to the family of prolyl 4-hydroxylases, which play a crucial role in cellular adaptation to sudden oxygen deficiency. However, the P4H-TM protein differs from other prolyl 4-hydroxylases in both its structure and its unusual location (in the endoplasmic reticulum).
The physiological role of the P4H-TM protein remains elusive despite years of research, but it is thought to have effects on cell biology other than adaptation to different oxygen levels.
Although the striking effect of the P4h-tm gene on the emotional responses of mice is still far from therapeutic application, it may in a short time lead to the discovery of neurochemical mechanisms that regulate emotions and the development of new anti-stress agents and antidepressants contribute.
Anxiety disorders and depression are a global problem. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), almost 300 million people worldwide suffer from it.
Those:US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health
