Researchers have discovered a specific type of blood vessel cells in muscles that build up from oxygen-rich blood. During physical exertion, these cells multiply quickly and thereby form new oneshealthy blood vessels. The results of the new study could provide a basis for novel therapies against muscle vascular diseases.
Muscle training for oxygen-rich blood and blood vessel formation
It is well known that exercise and sport stimulate the formation of blood vessels. However, researchers know little about the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms. In order to systematically improve blood flow to the muscles, the study authors wanted to understand these mechanisms. Using mice and cultured human cells, they have now investigated how exercise promotes the formation of thin capillaries in the muscle in healthy volunteers. Looking at the cells of the vessel wall, the team discovered that there are two capillary types of endothelial cells. The scientists were able to distinguish these using the molecular marker ATF4. It also turned out that cells with very little ATF4 are mainly found in the capillaries that supply the white muscle fibers. Cells high in ATF4 mainly formed part of the blood vessels near the red muscle fibers.
In addition, the study authors showed that exercise predominantly stimulates the cell division of endothelial cells with high levels of ATF4 near the red muscle fibers, leading to the formation of new capillaries. Cells with this protein are prepared to respond quickly to the corresponding stimulus. Endothelial cells with high levels of ATF4 are always ready to form new vessels. Once a person begins exercising, these cells increase their amino acid uptake and accelerate the formation of DNA and proteins. Accordingly, this process promotes rapid cell proliferation. This ultimately leads to the formation of new blood vessels. The authorsthis studyhope to use the new findings to develop therapies that stimulate the growth of muscular blood vessels in patients with diabetes or arterial occlusion, as well as those undergoing organ transplants.
